Geocentrism and Heliocentrism are to theories about the center of the universe. Geocentrism is the theory that the earth is the center of the universe and all other things revolve around it. The church is behind this belief and it was considered to be the truth by them, anyone who opposed this theory was thrown into jail and an example of this is Galileo. Heliocentrism is the opposite of Geocentrism because it states that the earth revolves around the sun. Heliocentrism also stated that this wasn't the universe just a small part of it and in this solar system the sun was of course the center. Both theories opposed each other, bringing the old conflict of Science vs Religion.
Now Galileo was a scientist who opposed the theory of "the earth is the center of all things". He was one of the scientists who proved that the earth and its solar system were just one part of a bigger thing(the sun is the center of this solar system). It was hard for the people to believe that the earth was moving because what they were standing on didn't feel like it was moving at all. Galileo for a time did not speak his theory out in public, only to a few trusted friends, instead he decided to see if he could come up with more evidence. In 1616 he brought out his theory but was turned away and jailed by the church for speaking lies and was forced to kneel before the church and take back his words. Of course in 1992 the church took it back.
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